Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1/r/kostu/10683
  Immersive virtual reality vs. traditional instruction for short-term learning and follow-up outcomes in the Bobath concept: a randomized controlled trial

  Cinarli, Sena; Aydogan, Gamze; Sever, Ebru; Gulcelik, Gönül Ertunc; Atmaca, Halil

  Background: Although virtual reality has increasingly been incorporated into health professions education, its effectiveness for teaching structured neurorehabilitation frameworks within physiotherapy remains insufficiently explored. Purpose: This study aimed to compare immersive virtual reality–based instruction with traditional education by evaluating theoretical knowledge and practical skills at short-term (2 days) and follow-up (2 weeks) assessments following Bobath concept instruction among physiotherapy students. Methods: In this assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial, 20 third-year physiotherapy students (mean age: 21.3 ± 1.1 years) were randomly assigned to immersive virtual reality–based instruction or traditional instruction. Both groups received standardized 45-minute training on postural control strategies within the Bobath concept. Learning outcomes were assessed using a multiple-choice theoretical test and a practical examination at 2 days (short-term) and 2 weeks (follow-up) after instruction. Results: Both groups showed a decrease in theoretical scores from the short-term to the follow-up assessment, with no significant between-group difference in change scores (p = 0.817). In contrast, between-group comparison of practical change scores showed a significant difference favoring the virtual reality group (p = 0.017, r = 0.54), with a median difference of + 15 points (95% CI: +5 to + 30). Within-group analyses indicated a significant decline in the traditional instruction group (p = 0.011, r = 0.81), whereas no significant change was observed in the virtual reality group (p = 0.666, r = 0.14). Practical scores increased by approximately 3% in the virtual reality group but decreased by 17% in the traditional instruction group from short-term to follow-up assessment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that immersive virtual reality may support the preservation of practical performance over time in physiotherapy education and may represent a promising instructional approach for teaching complex neurorehabilitation skills. Clinical trial number: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT07270107 (retrospectively registered on December 8, 2025).

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2/r/kostu/10417
  Cardiorespiratory adaptations to high-intensity interval training in young boxers: A randomized controlled study

  Cinarli, Sena; Akyol, Betül; Karakurt, Fatih; Mutlu, Koray; Tutar, Muammer; Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Aldhahi, Monira I.

  Background: – High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized for its effectiveness in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness. However, the application of HIIT within boxing training remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the physiological adaptations induced by a structured 4-week HIIT-boxing regimen, with a specific focus on pulmonary function (PF), aerobic capacity, and autonomic cardiovascular regulation, assessed by heart rate recovery (HRR). Methods: – Sixteen trained young individuals were randomly assigned to either the HIIT-boxing group or the control group. Comprehensive assessments, including PF tests, peak oxygen uptake, and HRR at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th minutes postexercise, were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Results: – Significant improvements were observed in maximal voluntary ventilation, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow over time (P < .01), while the FEV1/FVC ratio remained unchanged (P = .244). Time-by-group interactions revealed greater improvements in maximal voluntary ventilation (ηp2 = 0.817), FVC (ηp2 = 0.618), and FEV1 (ηp2 = 0.283) in the HIIT group than in the control group. Although estimated estimated maximal oxygen uptake improved significantly over time (P < .001), no significant group effect or time-by-group interaction was observed. HRR improved significantly over time in both groups (P < .001), with no significant time-by-group interaction observed at any measured interval (P > .05). Conclusion: – Supplementing conventional boxing training with HIIT may serve as a useful strategy for enhancing selected PF parameters in combat sports athletes. However, because the HIIT group performed a greater total training volume, the observed improvements cannot be definitively attributed to HIIT independently of the increased training stimulus.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2/r/kostu/10250
  Associations Between Pulmonary Function and Muscle Strength in Turkish National Karate Athletes

  Tokgoz, Gurkan; Cinarli, Sena; Akyol, Betül; Aygoren, Caner; Beykumul, Aysegul; Larsen, Malte Nejst; Krustrup, Peter; França, Cíntia; Gouveia, Élvio Rúbio; Cinarli, Fahri Safa

  Background: Respiratory efficiency is considered important in karate due to its role in sustaining muscular performance during high-intensity actions. This study examined the association between pulmonary function and isometric muscle strength in national-level karate athletes. Methods: A total of 23 elite karate athletes (mean age: 23.0 ± 2.3 (mean ± SD) years) participated in the study. Pulmonary function was assessed using a digital spirometer, while isometric handgrip, lower back, and leg strength were measured using a dynamometer. The correlation between pulmonary function and isometric strength was analyzed, and linear regression was employed to examine the predictive capacity of pulmonary parameters for muscle strength. Results: The results revealed significant correlations, ranging from large to very large, between pulmonary function and isometric muscle strength, with correlation coefficients from 0.639 to 0.812 (p < 0.01). Pulmonary function was strongly associated with isometric strength, accounting for 27% to 67% of the variance (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that pulmonary function parameters accounted for 71% of the variance in handgrip strength, 47% in leg strength, and 71% in back strength (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings highlight the strong associations between pulmonary function and isometric muscle strength in elite karate athletes. The results emphasize the importance of pulmonary health and respiratory muscle function in athletic performance, particularly for sports requiring high-intensity, dynamic movements like karate. Future longitudinal studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the association and potential implications, and for training and performance optimization.

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