Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Investigation of pathogenic contamination on toy materials through microbiological and structural characterization approaches
Acar, Esra; Issa, Ghassan; Aksu, Harun; Altuner, Elif Esra; Aldemir, Ozan
Objective: Toys in kindergartens are frequently exposed to environmental contaminants and hand contact, making them potential reservoirs for pathogenic microorganisms. Children, with developing immune systems, are particularly vulnerable to infections. This study aimed to detect Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and coliform bacteria on toys and to characterize toy materials using FTIR, XRD, and SEM. Methods: Swab samples were collected from toy surfaces under aseptic conditions and transported under cold-chain conditions. Samples were homogenized in buffered peptone water and serially diluted. Coliforms were detected on VRB and BGBLB media, E. coli on TBX medium, and S. aureus on Baird-Parker Agar with Egg Yolk Tellurite. Identification was confirmed via Gram staining, catalase, DNase, hemolysis, and carbohydrate fermentation tests. FTIR assessed functional groups, XRD examined crystalline structures, and SEM observed surface morphology related to microbial adhesion. Results: Bacteriological analysis showed Staphylococcus spp. (35.33%), S. aureus (5%), E. coli (1%), and coliforms (3.66%). FTIR revealed diverse polymeric structures, XRD showed varying crystallinity, and SEM indicated heterogeneous surface roughness and irregular microstructures facilitating bacterial adhesion. Conclusion: Combining microbiological analyses with FTIR, XRD, and SEM provides a comprehensive method for assessing contamination risks. Kindergarten toys can harbor potentially pathogenic microorganisms, and the structural characteristics of toy materials significantly influence microbial persistence.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Scopus SJRQ4Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Milk by PCR-Based Phenotyping and Genotyping
Issa, Ghassan; Aksu, Harun
Staphylococcus aureus is a primary cause of food poisoning and many types of other infections in humans and animals. This study aims to detect methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in raw cow milk collected from different farms in Istanbul, using polymerase chain reaction–based phenotyping and genotyping. A total of 406 raw milk samples were collected from 6 different dairy farms located in Istanbul at different times and under appropriate conditions. The samples were transferred to laboratory under cold storage conditions. After S. aureus had been isolated from the samples by phenotypic methods, MRSA strains were detected in isolates by both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Of the 406 milk samples examined, S. aureus strains were detected in 119 (29.31%). From the 119 isolated S. aureus strains, there was merely 1 (0.84%) strain with MRSA in phenotypic and genotypic terms. Strategies required to control antimicrobial resistance should be developed and implemented in the field of veterinary and human medicine.
AtıfScopus5WoS5OpenAlex13TR Dizin3
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